Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion and endothelial‐like tube formation through ID1‐mediated upregulation of IGF binding protein‐3

Abstract excerpt

Extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs) invade into the uterine wall and remodel spiral arteries for proper placentation. Studies from us and others have demonstrated that the transforming growth factor-β superfamily member bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays important roles in endometrial decidualization and trophoblast cell invasion. However, BMP2 has also been shown to regulate endothelial cell migration...

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