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Article

MR-pheWAS with stratification and interaction: Searching for the causal effects of smoking heaviness identified an effect on facial aging.

PLoS genetics - 1 Oct 2019

Millard Louise A C, Munafò Marcus R, Tilling Kate, Wootton Robyn E, Davey Smith George

Abstract excerpt

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established approach to evaluate the effect of an exposure on an outcome. The gene-by-environment (GxE) study design can be used to determine whether the genetic instrument affects the outcome through pathways other than via the exposure of interest (horizontal pleiotropy). MR phenome-wide association studies (MR-pheWAS) search for the effects of an exposure, and can be...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 31671092
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008353
PMCID: PMC6822717

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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