CIITA-related block of HLA class II expression, upregulation of HLA class I, and heterogeneous expression of immune checkpoints in hepatocarcinomas: implications for new therapeutic approaches

Abstract excerpt

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second cause of death for cancer worldwide, justifying the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapeutic strategies based on triggering and/or rescuing tumor antigen-specific T cells may be promising particularly if combined together. As preliminary step toward this goal, we have investigated the expression of antigen presenting molecules (HLA class I and...

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