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Article

Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse.

Anesthesia and analgesia - 1 Jan 2017

Miotto Karen, Cho Arthur K, Khalil Mohamed A, Blanco Kirsten, Sasaki Jun D, Rawson Richard

Abstract excerpt

Tramadol is a unique analgesic medication, available in variety of formulations, with both monoaminergic reuptake inhibitory and opioid receptor agonist activity increasingly prescribed worldwide as an alternative for high-affinity opioid medication in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. It is a prodrug that is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 to its more potent opioid analgesic...

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Identifiers

PMID: 27861439
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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