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Article

Sex differences in immune responses.

Nature reviews. Immunology - 1 Oct 2016

Klein Sabra L, Flanagan Katie L

Abstract excerpt

Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex differences are present throughout life, whereas others are only apparent after puberty and before reproductive senescence, suggesting that both genes and hormones are involved. Furthermore, early environmental exposures influence the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 27546235
DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.90

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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