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Article

Parental smoke exposure and the development of nicotine craving in adolescent novice smokers: the roles of DRD2, DRD4, and OPRM1 genotypes.

BMC pulmonary medicine - 8 Oct 2015

Kleinjan Marloes, Engels Rutger C M E, DiFranza Joseph R

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Among adolescent novice smokers, craving is often the first, and is the most reported, symptom of nicotine dependence. Until now, little has been known about the development of craving symptoms in novice smokers. The aim of this study was to identify specific genetic (i.e., DRD2 Taq1A, DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and OPRM1 A118G polymorphisms) and environmental mechanisms that underlie the emergence of both...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Share to Receptors, Dopamine D4

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 26449981
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0114-z
PMCID: PMC4599744

Genes

DRD2
DRD4
OPRM1

Variants

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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