Cancer as the Disintegration of Robustness: Population-Level Variance in Gene Expression Identifies Key Differences Between Tobacco- and HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinogenesis.

Abstract excerpt

CONTEXT: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated both with tobacco use and with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is argued that carcinogen-driven tumorigenesis is a distinct disease from its virally driven counterpart. We hypothesized that tumorigenesis is the result of a loss of genotypic robustness resulting in an increase in phenotypic variation in tumors compared with adjacent...

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