Metabolic characteristics of 13‐cis‐retinoic acid (isotretinoin) and anti‐tumour activity of the 13‐cis‐retinoic acid metabolite 4‐oxo‐13‐cis‐retinoic acid in neuroblastoma

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid; 13-cRA) is a differentiation inducer used to treat minimal residual disease after myeloablative therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma. However, more than 40% of children develop recurrent disease during or after 13-cRA treatment. The plasma concentrations of 13-cRA in earlier studies were considered subtherapeutic while 4-oxo-13-cis-RA (4-oxo-13-cRA), a...

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