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The causes of reduced proton-pumping efficiency in type B and C respiratory heme-copper oxidases, and in some mutated variants of type A.

Biochimica et biophysica acta - 1 Jul 2014

Rauhamäki Virve, Wikström Mårten

Abstract excerpt

The heme-copper oxidases may be divided into three categories, A, B, and C, which include cytochrome c and quinol-oxidising enzymes. All three types are known to be proton pumps and are found in prokaryotes, whereas eukaryotes only contain A-type cytochrome c oxidase in their inner mitochondrial membrane. However, the bacterial B- and C-type enzymes have often been reported to pump protons with an H(+)/e(-) ratio...

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PMID: 24583065
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.020

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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