A live‐attenuated pneumococcal vaccine elicits CD4+ T‐cell dependent class switching and provides serotype independent protection against acute otitis media

Abstract excerpt

Acute otitis media (AOM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae remains one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide despite widespread vaccination. A major limitation of the currently licensed pneumococcal vaccines is the lack of efficacy against mucosal disease manifestations such as AOM, acute bacterial sinusitis and pneumonia. We sought to generate a novel class of live vaccines that (1) retain all major...

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