Endoplasmic reticulum stress, pancreatic β-cell degeneration, and diabetes.

Abstract excerpt

Overwhelming of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)--referred to as "ER stress"--activates a set of intracellular signaling pathways termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Beneficial outputs of the UPR promote adaptation in cells experiencing manageably low levels of ER stress. However, if ER stress reaches critically high levels, the UPR uses destructive outputs to trigger programmed cell...

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