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Article

Evidence of gene-gene interaction and age-at-diagnosis effects in type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes - 1 Nov 2012

Howson Joanna M M, Cooper Jason D, Smyth Deborah J, Walker Neil M, Stevens Helen, She Jin-Xiong, Eisenbarth George S, Rewers Marian, Todd John A, Akolkar Beena, Concannon Patrick, Erlich Henry A, Julier Cécile, Morahan Grant, Nerup Jørn, Nierras Concepcion, Pociot Flemming, Rich Stephen S

Abstract excerpt

The common genetic loci that independently influence the risk of type 1 diabetes have largely been determined. Their interactions with age-at-diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, sex, or the major susceptibility locus, HLA class II, remain mostly unexplored. A large collection of more than 14,866 type 1 diabetes samples (6,750 British diabetic individuals and 8,116 affected family samples of European descent) were...

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 22891215
DOI: 10.2337/db11-1694
PMCID: PMC3478521

Genes

CTLA4
PTPN22
RNLS

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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Semantic proximity does not establish scientific evidence. Graph snapshot: 2026-09-29.

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