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Article

Diversity of bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin systems: a comprehensive search and functional analysis of novel families.

Nucleic acids research - 1 Jul 2011

Leplae Raphaël, Geeraerts Damien, Hallez Régis, Guglielmini Julien, Drèze Pierre, Van Melderen Laurence

Abstract excerpt

Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are generally composed of two genes organized in an operon, encoding a labile antitoxin and a stable toxin. They were first discovered on plasmids where they contribute to plasmid stability by a phenomenon denoted as 'addiction', and subsequently in bacterial chromosomes. To discover novel families of antitoxins and toxins, we developed a bioinformatics approach based on the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 21422074
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr131
PMCID: PMC3141249

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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