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Article

Horizontal gene transfer of chromosomal Type II toxin-antitoxin systems of Escherichia coli.

FEMS microbiology letters - 1 Feb 2016

Ramisetty Bhaskar Chandra Mohan, Santhosh Ramachandran Sarojini

Abstract excerpt

Type II toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are small autoregulated bicistronic operons that encode a toxin protein with the potential to inhibit metabolic processes and an antitoxin protein to neutralize the toxin. Most of the bacterial genomes encode multiple TAs. However, the diversity and accumulation of TAs on bacterial genomes and its physiological implications are highly debated. Here we provide evidence that...

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PMID: 26667220
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv238

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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