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Article

Type II and type IV toxin-antitoxin systems show different evolutionary patterns in the global Klebsiella pneumoniae population.

Nucleic acids research - 7 May 2020

Horesh Gal, Fino Cinzia, Harms Alexander, Dorman Matthew J, Parts Leopold, Gerdes Kenn, Heinz Eva, Thomson Nicholas R

Abstract excerpt

The Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex includes important opportunistic pathogens which have become public health priorities linked to major hospital outbreaks and the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent strains. Bacterial virulence and the spread of multidrug resistance have previously been linked to toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. TA systems encode a toxin that disrupts essential cellular...

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Identifiers

PMID: 32232417
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa198
PMCID: PMC7192599

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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