Article
Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: epidemiology, clinical findings, and prevention.
International journal of clinical oncology - 1 Apr 2010
Morita Masaru, Kumashiro Ryuichi, Kubo Nobuhide, Nakashima Yuichiro, Yoshida Rintaro, Yoshinaga Keiji, Saeki Hiroshi, Emi Yasunori, Kakeji Yoshihiro, Sakaguchi Yoshihisa, Toh Yasushi, Maehara Yoshihiko
Abstract excerpt
Both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are well-established risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the relationship of dose to cancer risk has already been described. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of these two factors has been reported. Our case-control study revealed the odds ratio of ESCC to be 50.1 for those who were both heavy smokers and heavy drinkers in comparison to...
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