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Article

Tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphism in heart failure/cardiomyopathy.

Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.) - 1 Jan 2000

Vadlamani Lou, Iyengar Srinivas

Abstract excerpt

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by activated macrophages. It has been shown to stimulate the release of endothelial cytokines and NO, increase vascular permeability, decrease contractility, and induce a prothrombotic state. The most studied TNF-a gene mutation in heart disease is a gamma to alpha substitution, which occurs when 308 nucleotides move upstream from...

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Identifiers

PMID: 15591843
DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2004.02020.x

Genes

TNF

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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