Paradoxes of non-trivial gene networks: how cancer-causing mutations can appear to be cancer-protective.

Abstract excerpt

Abnormalities of gene structure or expression are commonly found in cancers, where they are used as prognostic markers, predicting the likely severity of disease or chances of response to therapy. An odds ratio (OR) of <1 indicates that a marker's presence is correlated with better outcome. An OR of <1 is also often taken to mean that the gene concerned has a protective effect in the mechanism of cancer. I show...

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