Importance of familial Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism to the understanding of nigral degeneration in sporadic Parkinson's disease.

Abstract excerpt

We review here familial Parkinson's disease (PD) from clinical as well as molecular genetic aspects. The contribution of genetic factors to the pathogenesis of PD is supported by the demonstration of the high concordance in twins, increased risk among relatives of PD patients in case control and family studies, and the existence of familial PD and parkinsonism based on single gene defects. Recently, several genes...

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