Article

4-Hydroxyestradiol Promotes Breast Carcinogenesis via Androgen Receptor: Evidence from Urinary Metabolite Profiling and Functional Studies

2025-12-17

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Objective Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health threat with increasing incidence, and estrogen metabolites are implicated in its pathogenesis. To investigate alterations in urinary estrogen metabolites in BC patients and elucidate the oncogenic role and molecular mechanism of the metabolite 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2) in BC progression. Methods A total of 126 treatment-naive BC...

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Literature Corpus work: fb905fe5-f685-54f7-999c-f998d1a427b7
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8136540/v1

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