Influenza A virus H5N1 genotypes B3.13 and D1.1 show temperature-dependent restriction of replication in primary human respiratory epithelial cell cultures derived from the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Abstract excerpt

H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza A viruses pose a significant threat to wild animal populations, domesticated animals, and potentially, the human population. For H5N1s to infect and transmit among mammalian species, mutations for improved utilization of mammalian receptors and enhanced replication at the lower temperatures of the upper respiratory tract need to be acquired. A human H1N1pdm09-like virus was comp...

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Literature Corpus work

4c85c1dc-12a9-531a-9ec2-1895a32a585f

DOI

10.64898/2026.08.27.747488