Article

Heterogeneity in Statistics: A Conceptual and Methodological Review

2026-04-14

Abstract excerpt

Heterogeneity—the presence of meaningful variation across observations, in models, and in inferences—is a foundational concept in statistics that has many meanings. This review synthesizes the evolution of the meanings, methodologies, and interpretations of the four dominant and interconnected types of heterogeneity: (1) heteroscedasticity (non-constant variance), historically treated as a nuisance but now modeled...

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Literature Corpus work: 0ffbaf78-f94f-562f-bfaf-15f47670b74b
DOI: 10.32942/x2bt1c

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