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Uremic Toxin-Driven Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Molecular Pathways and Integrated Phenotypes.

Toxins - 21 Feb 2026

Rivera Rodolfo Fernando, Sciarrone Alibrandi Maria Teresa, Foligno Nadia Edvige, Magagnoli Lorenza, Ciceri Paola, Cozzolino Mario

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification (VC) affects up to 90% of patients with end-stage renal disease and increases cardiovascular mortality 3- to 5-fold. Once considered passive mineral deposition, VC is now recognized as an active, toxin-driven process orchestrating vascular smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation, endothelial dysfunction, and matrix remodeling. However, current uremic toxin classifications remain...

Topics

Humans
Vascular Calcification
Animals
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Phenotype
Uremic Toxins
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
Biomarkers

Source

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Identifiers

PMID: 41745778
DOI: 10.3390/toxins18020112
PMCID: PMC12944978

Genes

FGF23
NLRP3
PTH

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 31 Aug 2026.

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