Key regulators of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: Hyperphosphatemia, BMP2, and RUNX2

Abstract excerpt

Vascular calcification is quite common in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease and is a major trigger for cardiovascular complications in these patients. These complications significantly impact the survival rate and long-term prognosis of individuals with chronic kidney disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the development of vascular calcification involves various pathophysiological...