Article
Heavy metal exposure and cancer risk: Findings from a Mendelian randomization study.
Toxicology letters - 1 Mar 2026
Qin Shuang, Xie Longhui, Lan Jianwei, Yang Yang, Diao Wuliang, Ning Yinkuan
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence has established associations between heavy metal exposure and increased risks of various cancers. However, causality remains difficult to establish in conventional observational studies due to residual confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) could overcome these limitations by using genetic variants as instrumental variables to strengthen causal...
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