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Article

Rare but relevant: a comprehensive narrative review of rare HIV-1 group M subtypes.

mBio - 8 Oct 2025

Indihar Dana F, Oke Rachael, Hemerding Rondel, Williams De'Travean, England Rupert, London Laricca Y

Abstract excerpt

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M comprises 10 genetically diverse subtypes, with subtypes C and B being the most prevalent globally. However, rare subtypes F, H, J, K, and L, though individually responsible for less than 1% of HIV-1 infections worldwide, play relevant roles in viral evolution, global persistence, recombination, and drug resistance. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis...

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Identifiers

PMID: 40838723
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01264-25
PMCID: PMC12506054

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