Cellular senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Abstract excerpt

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the world's fourth highest reason for mortality, accounting for 3.5 million deaths in 2021, and about 5 % of total global deaths. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two major pathologies of COPD. Tobacco smoke, dust, vapors, and fumes, outdoor air pollutants, genetic factors, ageing, infections, and asthma are the risk factors of COPD. On the other hand,...

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