Article
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Macrophage Polarization in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
14 May 2025
Abstract excerpt
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP), contributing significantly to global disability and productivity loss. Its pathogenesis involves complex processes, including inflammation, cellular senescence, angiogenesis, fibrosis, neural ingrowth, and sensitization. Emerging evidence highlights macrophages as central immune regulators infiltrating degenerated...
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