Article
Nasal delivery of killed Bacillus subtilis spores protects against influenza, RSV and SARS-CoV-2
2 Apr 2025
Abstract excerpt
Introduction: ) have been shown to carry a number of properties potentially beneficial for vaccination. Firstly, as vehicles enabling mucosal delivery of heterologous antigens and secondly, as stimulators of innate immunity. Here, we have examined the specificity of protection conferred by the spore-induced innate response, focusing on influenza H1N1, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus-2...
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