Elucidating Causal Relationships Among Gut Microbiota, Human Blood Metabolites, and Knee Osteoarthritis: Evidence from a Two-Stage Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Abstract excerpt

Background: Although previous observational studies suggest a potential association between gut microbiota (GM) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the causal relationships remain unclear, particularly concerning the role of blood metabolites (BMs) as potential mediators. Elucidating these interactions is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying KOA progression and may inform the development of novel...

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