Chronic low back pain causal risk factors identified by Mendelian randomization: a cross-sectional cohort analysis

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: There are a number of risk factors- from biological, psychological, and social domains- for nonspecific chronic low back pain (cLBP). Many cLBP treatments target risk factors on the assumption that the targeted factor is not just associated with cLBP but is also a cause (ie, a causal risk factor). In most cases this is a strong assumption, primarily due to the possibility of confounding...

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