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Article

Changes in Refractive Error During Young Adulthood: The Effects of Longitudinal Screen Time, Ocular Sun Exposure, and Genetic Predisposition.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science - 1 Nov 2023

Lee Samantha Sze-Yee, Lingham Gareth, Wang Carol A, Diaz Torres Santiago, Pennell Craig E, Hysi Pirro G, Hammond Christopher J, Gharahkhani Puya, Clark Rosie, Guggenheim Jeremy A, Mackey David A

Abstract excerpt

Purpose: Changes in refractive error during young adulthood is common yet risk factors at this age are largely unexplored. This study explored risk factors for these changes, including gene-environmental interactions. Methods: Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) for 624 community-based adults were measured at 20 (baseline) and 28 years old. Participants were genotyped and their polygenic...

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Identifiers

PMID: 37982764
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.28
PMCID: PMC10668617

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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