Article
Spatiotemporal evolution of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironment links intra-tumoral heterogeneity to immune escape
19 Dec 2022
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is a hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that reflects the trajectory of evolution and influences clinical prognosis. Here, we seek to elucidate how ITH and tumor evolution during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment can lead to therapy resistance. METHODS: Here, we completed a single-arm pilot study to examine the safety and feasibility of...
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