The causal impact of childhood obesity on bone mineral density and fracture in adulthood: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Abstract excerpt

Observational studies have indicated the associations between obesity with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture but yield inconsistent results. The impact of childhood obesity on bone health in adulthood is even less clear. The present study adopted the Mendelian randomization methods to determine whether the genetically predicted childhood obesity was causally associated with BMD and the risk of fracture....

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