Article
Using allele scores to identify confounding by reverse causation: studies of alcohol consumption as an exemplar.
International journal of epidemiology - 19 Apr 2023
Sallis Hannah M, Palmer Tom, Tilling Kate, Davey Smith George, Munafò Marcus R
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Mendelian randomization (MR) is a form of instrumental variable analysis used to investigate causality using observational data. Another important, although less frequently applied, use of this technique is to investigate confounding due to reverse causality. METHODS: We used a form of reverse MR and data from UK Biobank in a proof-of-principle study to investigate confounding due to reverse...
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