Article
The Programmed Death-1 Pathway Counter-Regulates Inflammation-Induced Osteoclast Activity in Clinical and Experimental Settings
9 Mar 2022
Abstract excerpt
Objective The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway is essential for maintaining self-tolerance and plays an important role in autoimmunity, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated how membrane-bound and soluble (s)PD-1 influence bone homeostasis during chronic inflammation, exemplified in RA. Methods Bone mineral density and bone microstructure were examined in PD-1 and PD-L1 knockout (KO) mice...
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