Expression of the Immune Checkpoint Protein VISTA Is Differentially Regulated by the TGF-β1 – Smad3 Signaling Pathway in Rapidly Proliferating Human Cells and T Lymphocytes

Abstract excerpt

Immune checkpoint proteins play crucial roles in human embryonic development but are also used by cancer cells to escape immune surveillance. These proteins and biochemical pathways associated with them form a complex machinery capable of blocking the ability of cytotoxic immune lymphoid cells to attack cancer cells and, ultimately, to fully suppress anti-tumor immunity. One of the more recently discovered immune...

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