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Article

Molecular and Cellular Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

Frontiers in immunology - 1 Jan 2021

Zhao Jianan, Guo Shicheng, Schrodi Steven J, He Dongyi

Abstract excerpt

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors (ICI), typically associated with differentiated clinical effects and characteristics. Personalized...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34899757
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790122
PMCID: PMC8660630

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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