Article
Determining in which pre-arthritis stage HLA-shared epitope alleles and smoking exert their effect on the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases - 1 Jan 2022
Wouters Fenne, Maurits Marc P, van Boheemen Laurette, Verstappen Marloes, Mankia Kulveer, Matthijssen Xanthe M E, Dorjée Annemarie L, Emery Paul, Knevel Rachel, van Schaardenburg Dirkjan, Toes René E M, van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M
Abstract excerpt
OBJECTIVES: The human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope (HLA-SE) alleles and smoking are the most prominent genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, at which pre-arthritis stage (asymptomatic/symptomatic) they exert their effect is unknown. We aimed to determine whether HLA-SE and smoking are involved in the onset of autoantibody positivity, symptoms (clinically suspect...
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