Lymph node extracapsular extension as a marker of aggressive phenotype: Classification, prognosis and associated molecular biomarkers.

Abstract excerpt

Lymph node extracapsular extension, also termed extranodal extension or extracapsular spread (ECS) from lymph nodes, is a key characteristic of aggressive phenotype in cancer, carrying a major impact on prognosis. Controversy exists with regards the classification of ECS by different histopathological assessment methods published in the literature. Whilst much focus has been placed on ECS in the setting of head...

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