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Article

Influenza A/H4N2 mallard infection experiments further indicate zanamivir as less prone to induce environmental resistance development than oseltamivir.

The Journal of general virology - 1 Aug 2020

Tepper Viktoria, Nykvist Marie, Gillman Anna, Skog Erik, Wille Michelle, Lindström Hanna Söderström, Tang Chaojun, Lindberg Richard H, Lundkvist Åke, Järhult Josef D

Abstract excerpt

Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the gold standard treatment for influenza A virus (IAV). Oseltamivir is mostly used, followed by zanamivir (ZA). NAIs are not readily degraded in conventional wastewater treatment plants and can be detected in aquatic environments. Waterfowl are natural IAV hosts and replicating IAVs could thus be exposed to NAIs in the environment and develop resistance. Avian IAVs form the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 31855133
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001369

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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