A genome-wide association study of cocaine use disorder accounting for phenotypic heterogeneity and gene–environment interaction

Abstract excerpt

Background: Phenotypic heterogeneity and complicated gene–environment interplay in etiology are among the primary factors that hinder the identification of genetic variants associated with cocaine use disorder. Methods: To detect novel genetic variants associated with cocaine use disorder, we derived disease traits with reduced phenotypic heterogeneity using cluster analysis of a study sample (n = 9965). We then...

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