Article
Paradigms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: phenotypes, immunobiology, and therapy with a focus on vascular disease.
Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research - 1 Aug 2017
Schivo Michael, Albertson Timothy E, Haczku Angela, Kenyon Nicholas J, Zeki Amir A, Kuhn Brooks T, Louie Samuel, Avdalovic Mark V
Abstract excerpt
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome that represents a major global health burden. COPD phenotypes have recently emerged based on large cohort studies addressing the need to better characterize the syndrome. Though comprehensive phenotyping is still at an early stage, factors such as ethnicity and radiographic, serum, and exhaled breath biomarkers have shown...
Topics
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Comorbidity
- Humans
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive