Analysis of papillary urothelial carcinomas of the bladder with grade heterogeneity: supportive evidence for an early role of <i><scp>CDKN</scp>2A</i> deletions in the <i><scp>FGFR</scp>3</i> pathway

Abstract excerpt

AIMS: The dual pathway model of urothelial carcinogenesis does not fully explain grade and stage progression in patients with initial low-grade, non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations are a hallmark of the low-grade pathway, with subsequent progression to muscle invasion occurring when FGFR3 mutant tumours exhibit a homozygous CDKN2A deletion. We...

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