Article
Comprehensive review of epidemiological and animal studies on the potential carcinogenic effects of nicotine<i>per se</i>
9 Jun 2016
Abstract excerpt
The effects of long-term use of nicotine per se on cancer risk, in the absence of tobacco extract or smoke, are not clearly understood. This review evaluates the strength of published scientific evidence, in both epidemiological and animal studies, for the potential carcinogenic effects of nicotine per se; that is to act as a complete carcinogen or as a modulator of carcinogenesis. For human studies, there...
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