The Black cells phenotype is caused by a point mutation in the Drosophila pro-phenoloxidase 1 gene that triggers melanization and hematopoietic defects.

Abstract excerpt

Melanization contributes to arthropod-specific innate immunity through deposition of melanin at wound sites or around parasites, with concomitant release of microbicidal reactive oxygen species. Melanization requires sequential activation of proteolytic enzymes in the hemolymph, including the final enzyme pro-phenoloxidase. Black cells (Bc) is a mutation causing spontaneous melanization of Drosophila crystal...

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