Article
Developmental and behavioral effects of toe clipping on neonatal and preweanling mice with and without vapocoolant anesthesia.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS - 1 Mar 2014
Paluch Lee-Ronn, Lieggi Christine C, Dumont Magali, Monette Sebastien, Riedel Elyn R, Lipman Neil S
Abstract excerpt
Toe clipping is used to identify and genotype preweanling mice, but the procedure generates concerns relevant to pain and distress. The few pertinent studies available evaluated mice between postnatal days (PND) 3 and 7, advocate the use of toe clipping in mice PND 7 or younger, and identify handling as the most distressing aspect of the procedure. Because both toe and tail clipping may be necessary in older mice...
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