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Article

Using Mendelian randomisation to infer causality in depression and anxiety research.

Depression and anxiety - 1 Dec 2013

Gage Suzanne H, Smith George Davey, Zammit Stanley, Hickman Matthew, Munafò Marcus R

Abstract excerpt

Depression and anxiety co-occur with substance use and abuse at a high rate. Ascertaining whether substance use plays a causal role in depression and anxiety is difficult or impossible with conventional observational epidemiology. Mendelian randomisation uses genetic variants as a proxy for envir...

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Identifiers

PMID: 23847157
DOI: 10.1002/da.22150
PMCID: PMC4235433

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 4 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-23847157-2026-09-04.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-04.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 4 Sept 2026.

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