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Article

Cytokine gene polymorphisms and serum cytokine levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BMC medical genetics - 1 Jul 2013

Alhamad Esam H, Cal Joseph G, Shakoor Zahid, Almogren Adel, AlBoukai Ahmad A

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We therefore examined polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and compared the serum levels of these cytokines in IPF patients and healthy...

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Identifiers

PMID: 23815594
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-66
PMCID: PMC3700855

Genes

TNF

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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