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Article

Functional phenotypes of macrophages and the M1-M2 polarization concept. Part I. Proinflammatory phenotype.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia - 1 Mar 2012

Schwartz Y Sh, Svistelnik A V

Abstract excerpt

Current concepts concerning the main functional phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes are systematized, molecular mechanisms of their formation are considered, and the functional polarization concept of macrophages is critically analyzed. Mechanisms of macrophage priming activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors TLR, NLR, RLR, and CLR are described, and the features of each phenotype acquired via...

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PMID: 22803942
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297912030030

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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